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26-Brief characteristics of karst tiankeng in China
Timer：2024-05-08
At present, the tiankengs discovered in China mainly distribute in karst fengcong areas in southwest, especially in Yangtze River basin and Hongshuihe River basin with deep cutting characteristic, and the total number is 66, which is of the largest scale, most quantity and most typical form in the world.
Xiaozhai Tiankeng
Dashiwei Tiankeng
Longgang Tiankeng
Xiaoyanwan Tiankeng
Comparison diagram of the forms of a few super tiankengs in the world (according to Huang Baojian, et al., 2003)
Development scale parameters of main tiankengs discovered in China (according to Zhu Xuewen, Chen Weihai, et al.)
| Tiankeng Name | Location | Opening diameter (m) | Opening area (m2) | Max. depth (m) | Min. depth (m) | Total capacity (M m3) | Cause of formation Type |
| Xiaozhai | Fengjie, Chongqing | 626×537 | 274,000 | 662 | 511 | 119.35 | Collapse |
| Xiaokeng | Fengjie, Chongqing | 328×180 | 45,000 | 286.3 | 137 | 12.00 | Collapse |
| Chongtianyan | Fengjie, Chongqing | 300×160 | 41,500 | 168.4 | 103 | 7.0 | Collapse |
| Luokuangyan | Fengjie, Chongqing | 135×100 | 10,800 | 101 | 100 | 1.1 | Collapse |
| Wujiazhai | Fengjie, Chongqing | 200×150 | 24,000 | 103 | 47 | 2.5 | Collapse |
| Daqingkeng | Fengjie, Chongqing | 200×150 | 8,000 | 137 | 66 | 1.1 | Collapse |
| Zhongshiyuan | Wulong, Chongqing | 697×555 | 278,200 | 213.7 | 75 | 34.78 | Collapse |
| Xiashiyuan | Wulong, Chongqing | 1000×545 | 352,064 | 373.0 | 50 | 31.47 | Collapse |
| Qinglong | Wulong, Chongqing | 522×398 | 193,975 | 275.7 | 195 | 31.67 | Collapse |
| Shenying | Wulong, Chongqing | 300×260 | 51,226 | 285 | 190 | 9.73 | Collapse |
| Midong | Wulong, Chongqing | 246×120 | 19,320 | 208 | 110 | 4.93 | Collapse |
| Qingkou | Wulong, Chongqing | 250×220 | 40,754 | 295.3 | 195 | 9.21 | Erosion |
| Niubizi (nose of an ox) | Wulong, Chongqing | 380×100 | 26,670 | 198.8 | 100 | 3.47 | Erosion |
| Tianpingmiao (Tianping Temple) | Wulong, Chongqing | 180×180 | 26,376 | 420 | 300 | 9.89 | Erosion |
| Shiwangdong | Wulong, Chongqing | 170×140 | 25,896 | 252.5 | 172 | 5.13 | Erosion |
| Daluodang | Wulong, Chongqing | 240×220 | 32,405 | 372 | 282 | 10.4 | Erosion |
| Longgang | Yunyang, Chongqing | 350×170 | 53,000 | 350 | 250 | 9.2 | Collapse |
| Xiaoyanwan | Xingwen, Sichuan province | 625×475 | 200,000 | 248.3 | 178 | 40.0 | Collapse |
| Dayanwan | Xingwen, Sichuan province | 680×280 | 164,000 | 110 | 40 | 15.0 | Collapse |
| Haolong | Bama, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 800×600 | 320,000 | 509.3 | 185.4 | 110.0 | Collapse |
| Jiaole | Bama, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 750×400 | 220,000 | 325 | 283.2 | 67.0 | Collapse |
| Dashiwei | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 600×420 | 167,000 | 613 | 511 | 67.14 | Collapse |
| Datuo | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 534×380 | 108,000 | 290 | 263 | 32.74 | Collapse |
| Dengjiatuo | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 470×370 | 107,000 | 278 | 222 | 26.19 | Collapse |
| Shenmu | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 370×340 | 70,900 | 234 | 186 | 13.17 | Collapse |
| Diaojing | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 390×280 | 86,300 | 169 | 110 | 12.6 | Collapse |
| Chuandong | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 370×270 | 30,000 | 312 | 175 | 11.7 | Collapse |
| Huangjing | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 320×217 | 38,200 | 161 | 140 | 6.29 | Collapse |
| Baidong | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 220×160 | 22,000 | 312 | 263 | 5.78 | Collapse |
| Sujia | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 244×134 | 23,700 | 167 | 111 | 2.63 | Collapse |
| Ladong | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 202×125 | 21,600 | 215 | 146 | 2.8 | Collapse |
| Laowuji | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 300×275 | 75,600 | 171 | 110 | 8.3 | Collapse |
| Xiangdang | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 310×230 | 45,000 | 146 | 80 | 12.6 | Collapse |
Development scale parameters of main tiankengs discovered in China
| Longtuo | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 210×175 | 14,400 | 115 | 95 | 1.4 | Collapse |
| Lanjiawan | Leye, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 150×117 | 8,800 | 130 | 60 | 0.6 | Collapse |
| Sanmenhai I | Fengshan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 106×100 | 10000 | 178 | 72 | 1.2 | Collapse |
| Bandong | Fengshan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 230×177 | 40000 | 320 | 200 | 10.4 | Collapse |
| Maguai Cave | Fengshan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 150×130 | 18000 | 124 | 50 | 1.6 | Collapse |
| Nongle | Fengshan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 180×120 | 20000 | 180 | 80 | 2.4 | Collapse |
| Shegeng | Fengshan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 130×110 | 14000 | 115 | 100 | 1.5 | Collapse |
| Detian | Luodian, Guizhou province | 200×130 | 20,000 | 145 | 115 | 2.5 | Collapse |
| Dachang | Luodian, Guizhou province | 550×180 | 80,000 | 320 | 160 | 10.0 | Collapse |
| Bajiao | Luodian, Guizhou province | 280×160 | 24,300 | 195 | 150 | 4.0 | Collapse |
| Tongtian | Ziyun, Guizhou province | 210×130 | 20,000 | 370 | 360 | 7.2 | Collapse |
| Xiaoshui | Ziyun, Guizhou province | 180×130 | 13,000 | 230 | 210 | 2.8 | Collapse |
| Dacaokou | Zhijin, Guizhou province | 905X370 | 226800 | 330 | 265 | 55.65 | Collapse |
| Xiaocaokou | Zhijin, Guizhou province | 325X180 | 45925 | 220 | 205 | 8.91 | Collapse |
| Daluoquan | Zhijin, Guizhou province | 350X278 | 78380 | 220 | 155 | 8.32 | Collapse |
| Xiaoluoquan | Zhijin, Guizhou province | 336X260 | 68578 | 165 | 127 | 5.75 | Collapse |
| Jiayandong Cave | Zhijin, Guizhou province | 126X60 | 5935 | 65 | 40 | 0.23 | Collapse |
| Dachilong | Zhijin, Guizhou province | 390X262 | 80211 | 200 | 135 | 8.66 | Collapse |
| Xiaochilong | Zhijin, Guizhou province | 116X76 | 6921 | 67 | 48 | 0.35 | Collapse |
